Masthead Ideas

Shapya - This means fashion in Cornish.
Ribbon - Because this is something that is associated with creating fashion/making clothes and it is quite girly which links with the boutique features that will be in my magazine as boutiques are also mainly for girls.
Boutique - I like this idea as it gets straight to the point and means that the 'consumer' will know exactly what my magazine is about, unlike Vogue and Company etc which could be about anything. I might have the word Cornwall underneath this so the audience know that this is the Cornwall edition of the magazine.
Beautique - This is an original idea as it is a mix up of 2 words, beauty and boutique. However I do not think I will be using it as it implies that my magazine is more about beauty rather than fashion.

I experimented on Photoshop to create a couple of masthead designs. This is the first one.

I typed one letter on its own layer each time and moved them closer together so that they overlapped slightly. I then adjusted the opacity so that you can see where the letters overlay and can see each letter.

After this I decided to use the eraser tool to slightly rub out the bottom half of each letter, except for the 'q' which I decided to leave normal as I thought it gave it a slight look of originality.

Others ideas I have created are:

The 2 designs below are my favourite because they are simplistic and classy whilst still being unique. It may be the fact that I did these 2 on a black background which has made them stand out more but I also like the fonts I used and the way I have slightly embossed the letters. I am not entirely sure on my colour choices yet as I have not planned my front cover very much yet so it might turn out that these 2 colours do not work with the background image. The reason I chose these 2 colours is because grey is a neutral colour that goes with everything, can appeal to any age range and looks classy. Purple is a girly colour but not too overpowering like a bright pink.

The Impacts Of Technology

This post will be about how technology has progressed over time and how this has impacted technology. In the last 30 years technology has progressed almost astronomically. Between 1984 when the first Apple computer was made to now, where every piece of technology is taken for granted which means it is no big surprise when something new comes out. This also means that because there is always new advances in technology it is difficult to keep up to date with it.

Thanks to the technological advances in the last 30 years we are able to produce a wide range of media products for a vast variety of people. This applies heavily to one area in particular, the magazine industry. Not only has it affected the way magazines are made, it has also heavily impacted the way they are distributed. For example, who would've thought 15 years ago that you would be able to download a whole magazine onto a portable device 2 inches thick and read it at work, on the train or even up in the sky.

"It has become appallingly obvious that our technology has exceeded our humanity" - Albert Einstein (1879 - 1955)

Legal Restraints

Because magazines are targeted to be read by a mass number of people there has to be a team of people who check the content and make sure it is suitable for the target audience to read. There are 2 main external bodies who does this; the Advertising Standards Authority and the Press Complaints Commission.

Advertising Standards Authority

The ASA is an independent regulator of advertising across all media platforms in the UK. Their main aim is to deal with complaints and also keep control of what is published in any product of the media such as adverts or articles etc to make sure there is nothing offensive, harmful or misleading. If the ASA find anything that breaches any of the UK Advertising Codes the media product must be either removed or changed so that it follows the Advertising Codes. The figures for 2012 show that 31,298 complaints were considered about almost 19,000 cases which resulted in 3700 adverts being either changed or taken down. The regulatory system is made up of self-regulation for non-broadcast advertising and co-regulation for broadcast advertising.

Self-Regulation For Non-Broadcast Advertising

This is where the media industry has voluntarily established and also paid for its own regulation. This works because most media corporations want to make sure they do not mislead, harm or offend their consumers but also because sticking to the rules is a lot cheaper than having to pay legal costs for not following the regulations.

Co-Regulation For Broadcast Advertising

This means that there are 2 systems working together to create the standards. The ASA is responsible for the content standards and Ofcom maintain these standards. In addition, the BCAP (Broadcast Committee of Advertising Practice) is responsible for writing the UK Code of Advertising.

Press Complaints Commission

PCC are an independent company which administers the system of self-regulation for the press. 

Code Of Practice

1	Accuracy
	i) The Press must take care not to publish inaccurate, misleading or distorted information, including pictures. ii) A significant inaccuracy, misleading statement or distortion once recognised must be corrected, promptly and with due prominence, and - where appropriate - an apology published. In cases involving the Commission, prominence should be agreed with the PCC in advance. iii) The Press, whilst free to be partisan, must distinguish clearly between comment, conjecture and fact. iv) A publication must report fairly and accurately the outcome of an action for defamation to which it has been a party, unless an agreed settlement states otherwise, or an agreed statement is published.
2	Opportunity to reply
	A fair opportunity for reply to inaccuracies must be given when reasonably called for.
3	*Privacy
	i) Everyone is entitled to respect for his or her private and family life, home, health and correspondence, including digital communications. ii) Editors will be expected to justify intrusions into any individual's private life without consent. Account will be taken of the complainant's own public disclosures of information. iii) It is unacceptable to photograph individuals in private places without their consent. Note - Private places are public or private property where there is a reasonable expectation of privacy.
4	*Harassment
	i) Journalists must not engage in intimidation, harassment or persistent pursuit. ii) They must not persist in questioning, telephoning, pursuing or photographing individuals once asked to desist; nor remain on their property when asked to leave and must not follow them. If requested, they must identify themselves and whom they represent. iii) Editors must ensure these principles are observed by those working for them and take care not to use non-compliant material from other sources.
5	Intrusion into grief or shock
	i) In cases involving personal grief or shock, enquiries and approaches must be made with sympathy and discretion and publication handled sensitively. This should not restrict the right to report legal proceedings, such as inquests. *ii) When reporting suicide, care should be taken to avoid excessive detail about the method used.
6	*Children
	i) Young people should be free to complete their time at school without unnecessary intrusion. ii) A child under 16 must not be interviewed or photographed on issues involving their own or another child’s welfare unless a custodial parent or similarly responsible adult consents. iii) Pupils must not be approached or photographed at school without the permission of the school authorities. iv) Minors must not be paid for material involving children’s welfare, nor parents or guardians for material about their children or wards, unless it is clearly in the child's interest. v) Editors must not use the fame, notoriety or position of a parent or guardian as sole justification for publishing details of a child’s private life.
7	*Children in sex cases
	1. The press must not, even if legally free to do so, identify children under 16 who are victims or witnesses in cases involving sex offences. 2. In any press report of a case involving a sexual offence against a child - i) The child must not be identified. ii) The adult may be identified. iii) The word "incest" must not be used where a child victim might be identified. iv) Care must be taken that nothing in the report implies the relationship between the accused and the child.
8	*Hospitals
	i) Journalists must identify themselves and obtain permission from a responsible executive before entering non-public areas of hospitals or similar institutions to pursue enquiries. ii) The restrictions on intruding into privacy are particularly relevant to enquiries about individuals in hospitals or similar institutions.
9	*Reporting of Crime
	(i) Relatives or friends of persons convicted or accused of crime should not generally be identified without their consent, unless they are genuinely relevant to the story. (ii) Particular regard should be paid to the potentially vulnerable position of children who witness, or are victims of, crime. This should not restrict the right to report legal proceedings.
10	*Clandestine devices and subterfuge
	i) The press must not seek to obtain or publish material acquired by using hidden cameras or clandestine listening devices; or by intercepting private or mobile telephone calls, messages or emails; or by the unauthorised removal of documents or photographs; or by accessing digitally-held private information without consent. ii) Engaging in misrepresentation or subterfuge, including by agents or intermediaries, can generally be justified only in the public interest and then only when the material cannot be obtained by other means.
11	Victims of sexual assault
	The press must not identify victims of sexual assault or publish material likely to contribute to such identification unless there is adequate justification and they are legally free to do so.
12	Discrimination
	i) The press must avoid prejudicial or pejorative reference to an individual's race, colour, religion, gender, sexual orientation or to any physical or mental illness or disability. ii) Details of an individual's race, colour, religion, sexual orientation, physical or mental illness or disability must be avoided unless genuinely relevant to the story.
13	Financial journalism
	i) Even where the law does not prohibit it, journalists must not use for their own profit financial information they receive in advance of its general publication, nor should they pass such information to others. ii) They must not write about shares or securities in whose performance they know that they or their close families have a significant financial interest without disclosing the interest to the editor or financial editor. iii) They must not buy or sell, either directly or through nominees or agents, shares or securities about which they have written recently or about which they intend to write in the near future.
14	Confidential sources
	Journalists have a moral obligation to protect confidential sources of information.
15	Witness payments in criminal trials
	i) No payment or offer of payment to a witness - or any person who may reasonably be expected to be called as a witness - should be made in any case once proceedings are active as defined by the Contempt of Court Act 1981. This prohibition lasts until the suspect has been freed unconditionally by police without charge or bail or the proceedings are otherwise discontinued; or has entered a guilty plea to the court; or, in the event of a not guilty plea, the court has announced its verdict. *ii) Where proceedings are not yet active but are likely and foreseeable, editors must not make or offer payment to any person who may reasonably be expected to be called as a witness, unless the information concerned ought demonstrably to be published in the public interest and there is an over-riding need to make or promise payment for this to be done; and all reasonable steps have been taken to ensure no financial dealings influence the evidence those witnesses give. In no circumstances should such payment be conditional on the outcome of a trial. *iii) Any payment or offer of payment made to a person later cited to give evidence in proceedings must be disclosed to the prosecution and defence. The witness must be advised of this requirement.
16	*Payment to criminals
	i) Payment or offers of payment for stories, pictures or information, which seek to exploit a particular crime or to glorify or glamorise crime in general, must not be made directly or via agents to convicted or confessed criminals or to their associates – who may include family, friends and colleagues. ii) Editors invoking the public interest to justify payment or offers would need to demonstrate that there was good reason to believe the public interest would be served. If, despite payment, no public interest emerged, then the material should not be published.
THE PUBLIC INTEREST There may be exceptions to the clauses marked * where they can be demonstrated to be in the public interest. 1. The public interest includes, but is not confined to: i) Detecting or exposing crime or serious impropriety. ii) Protecting public health and safety. iii) Preventing the public from being misled by an action or statement of an individual or organisation. 2. There is a public interest in freedom of expression itself. 3. Whenever the public interest is invoked, the PCC will require editors to demonstrate fully that they reasonably believed that publication, or journalistic activity undertaken with a view to publication, would be in the public interest and how, and with whom, that was established at the time. 4. The PCC will consider the extent to which material is already in the public domain, or will become so. 5. In cases involving children under 16, editors must demonstrate an exceptional public interest to over-ride the normally paramount interest of the child.

Institution

There are 4 main magazine institutions within the magazine industry which are Bauer Media, IPC (International Publishing Corporation), Hearst and Conde Nast. These institutions publish some of the worlds most well known magazines including Vogue, NME, Empire and GQ. A local publishing institution is Cornwall & Devon Media which publish The Cornish Guardian, Cornwall Today and The Cornishman, this is a publisher that I may consider approaching to publish my own magazine.

Bauer Media

This institution is responsible for creating magazines such as Q, Grazia and Empire, all huge magazines and completely different genres. Bauer Media is a division of the Bauer Media group, the largest privately owned publishing group in Europe. The whole group together creates over 300 magazines that get distrubuted to 15 countries worldwide, aswell as creating products that are accessed online, on the radio and on television.

Grazia

This is a graph from Bauer's website briefly showing that the readership of Grazia is 97.2% females and 2.8% males. It also shows the main age range of readers of Grazia is between 15-44 with the lowest age range being 65+.

IPC (International Publishing Corporation)

IPC is the UK's largest publishing corporation with an audience of 26 million for magazines and 25 million for the websites they create. They have 2 divisions which are IPC Connect, creating the popular weekly magazines for woman such as Now and Chat and television entertainment magazines such as What's On TV and TV Times. The second division IPC Inspire is the team that creates men's magazines such as Rugby World and Nuts. The final division is IPC Southbank which are responsible for the higher class womens magazines such as Marie Claire and InStyle.

Marie Claire



http://www.ipcadvertising.com/resource/n5ezclrh4y28gluwro0w7rgr.pdf - This is the link for all of IPC's abc results. 

http://www.ipcadvertising.com/resource/nwpkvy0e5kxkph0zfra4puo9.pdf - This is the link for IPC's circulation figures.

Condé Nast

Condé Nast is responsible for some of the world's biggest magazines. Creating the likes of Vanity Fair, GQ and of course Vogue, along with 15 others. They are perhaps the most prestigious publising company because of the magazines they are responsible of.

http://www.condenast.com/brands/vogue/media-kit/print

This link shows you the audience profile of Vogue US. It shows that the average age of their readers is 38, that they have 11,265,000 readers in the US and that their readers are 88% female and 12% male.

History of magazines

Fashion magazines started off by people creating their own by cutting out images of clothes they found in newspapers and sticking them in a sketchbook but the first known general magazine was created in 1586 by Josse Amman called Gynasceum, sive Theatrum Mulierum which was actually a fashion magazine.

Timeline Of The Magazine Industry

1693 - The Ladies Mercury which was a ladies lifestyle magazine starting off as monthly but later being released fortnightly.


1711 - The Ladies Diary published by John Tipper

1725 - The Ladies Diary starts including adverts in the magazine, including adverts for false teeth and general beauty products

1731 - The Gentleman's Magazine published by Edward Cave in England, regarded as the first modern magazine

1741 - American Magazine, the first magazine in the US

1742 - General Magazine first US magazine to print adverts

1848 - First W H Smith which was a bookstall at a railway but started off as H W Smith because William's father was called Henry

1850 - Number of magazines published in America reaches 685

1861 - First colour photography in magazines

1875 - UK trade mark registration act

1886 - Cosmopolitan launched in US as first fiction magazine

1888 - National Geographical launched in the US

1892 - Vogue launched in the US by Arthur Turnure and Harry McVickar

1900 - British magazines widely distributed around the empire and the US

1914 - Vanity Fair launched

1918 - Reader's Digest launched

1922 - Good Housekeeping launched

1922 - Vogue buys Vanity Fair

1923 - Radio Times launched

1937 - Marie Claire launched in France

1944 - Seventeen is launched as the first magazine for young people

1945 - Elle launched

1948 - News Of The World sells 8 million copies

1953 - Playboy launched

1967 - Rolling Stones magazine launched

1969 - Rupert Murdoch buys The News Of The World

1972 - Cosmopolitan UK is the first international edition that goes on to be the biggest selling magazine in the UK

A2 Advanced Portfolio

This is the brief that I chose to create for my a2 coursework. The 2 options I have chosen to do aswell as the 4 pages of a regional magazine are 2 hyperlinked pages from the magazines website and a billboard advertisement for the magazine. I plan on incorporating fashion into my magazine by featuring fashion designers/brands that have shops in Cornwall, independent boutique style shops in Cornwall, fashion inspired by Cornwall etc. I want to do this as I would like to go into the fashion magazine industry as a career and incorporating Cornish fashion into it will be an interesting and unique twist.